Взаимосвязь детской агентности и субъективного благополучия
Аннотация
Проведено исследование с целью проанализировать положение агентности и ее индикаторов в структуре субъективного благополучия старших школьников. Эмпирическую базу составили данные, полученные в результате опроса 3282 учащихся 7–11-х классов в школах Тюменской области. В основу авторского опросника положен инструмент, используемый в международном исследовательском проекте по изучению субъективного благополучия детей Children’s World. Он дополнен индикаторами, отражающими уровень агентности, а также влияние на субъективное благополучие защищенности, здоровья и романтических отношений. Факторный анализ в пространстве 47 индикаторов субъективного благополучия позволил выделить 8 факторов, отражающих вклад в оценку субъективного благополучия семьи, школы, здоровья, агентности, статусности, социальной лояльности, защищенности и романтических отношений. Кроме того, школьникам предлагалось оценить индикаторы субъективного благополучия с двух ракурсов: насколько для них важен тот или иной индикатор (желаемый уровень) и в какой степени он присутствует в их жизни (реальный уровень). Полученные от школьников оценки как желаемого, так и реального положения вещей свидетельствуют о том, что наибольший вклад в субъективное благополучие вносят удовлетворенность семьей, агентность, защищенность и безопасность. Между значимостью того или иного фактора и оценкой его реального уровня наблюдаются значимые прямые корреляции умеренной силы. Агентность является значимым фактором субъективного благополучия школьников и уступает в значимости только безопасности. Значимость агентности повышается с возрастом. Разрыв между желаемым и реальным уровнями агентности наиболее выражен у старших школьников с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Сравнение оценок субъективного благополучия в группах школьников с разным уровнем агентности показало, что у старших школьников со средним уровнем агентности уровень субъективного благополучия сравнительно высок, а у школьников, отличающихся высокой агентностью, — самый низкий.
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Литература
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