Некогнитивные навыки молодежи NEET в России
Аннотация
Актуальным направлением в изучении факторов формирования молодежи NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) — группы лиц молодого возраста, которые не работают, не учатся и не участвуют в профессиональной подготовке, — является исследование роли некогнитивных навыков. Их наличие и уровень развития с детства определяют процесс накопления человеческого капитала, будущую производительность труда, уровень заработной платы, выбор профессии, продолжительность и качество поиска работы. Эмпирической базой исследования послужили данные Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ за 2016–2017 гг. Выбор данного периода обусловлен тем, что в 2016 г. в анкету был включен специальный блок вопросов о некогнитивных навыках по классической модели «Большая пятерка». Они позволили оценить степень выраженности у респондентов пяти черт личности, которые наиболее часто рассматриваются в современной исследовательской литературе, посвященной некогнитивным навыкам. На основании уровня их развития сравнивались группы респондентов, которые относятся к разным типам NEET-молодежи, и группы учащейся и работающей молодежи. Показатели некогнитивных навыков также использовались в качестве объясняющих переменных при оценивании моделей мультиномиальных логит-регрессий типа статуса на рынке труда и динамических мультиномиальных логит-моделей перехода молодежи из состояния обучения в тот или иной из типов NEET. Выявлены различия в некогнитивных характеристиках между группами молодых людей, занимающими принципиально разное положение в сфере образования и занятости. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что концептуальная рамка изучения влияния некогнитивных характеристик на показатели успешности молодых людей на рынке труда и в сфере образования находит применение на российских данных.
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Литература
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