Обучение студентов российских вузов предпринимательству как способ формирования агентности
Аннотация
Во всем мире растет количество и разнообразие программ обучения предпринимательству в вузах. Содержание и эффективность такого обучения зависят от ответа на вопрос, чему надо обучать будущего предпринимателя и как измерять результативность обучения. Этот вопрос все еще остается дискуссионным. Согласно одной из точек зрения, результатом обучения предпринимательству в вузе должно стать формирование у студентов агентности (agency) — способности целенаправленно менять окружающую среду посредством собственного предпринимательского проекта. Чтобы сделать обоснованный вывод, формируется ли агентность в процессе обучения предпринимательству, необходимы индикаторы агентности, относительно которых в исследовательском сообществе консенсус пока не достигнут.
Проведены интервью с выпускниками ведущих программ обучения предпринимательству, которые реализовывались как в российских университетах (формальный сектор, 64 интервью), так и в неформальном секторе обучения (24 интервью). На основании материалов интервью проанализированы представления студентов о сущности предпринимательской деятельности и проведено сопоставление данных установок с теоретическим конструктом агентности в его интерпретации, представленной в серии работ сотрудников НИУ ВШЭ. Результаты исследования показали, что установки студентов, завершивших предпринимательское обучение и успешно реализовавших собственный предпринимательский проект, действительно соответствуют теоретической рамке агентности. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в разработке индикаторов агентности применительно к предпринимательскому обучению и обосновании возможности их использования для оценки результатов образовательных программ.
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Литература
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