Дифференциация качества высшего образования и заработных плат выпускников в России
Аннотация
Более трети занятых в экономике России имеют диплом о высшем образовании. В условиях массового выпуска из университетов качество обучения становится одной из ключевых детерминант будущих заработков, как минимум на старте карьеры. Авторы статьи фокусируются на двух измерениях качества образования, а именно на уровне селективности университета, где проходило обучение, и наличии диплома с отличием, и анализируют их связь с успешностью выпускников на российском рынке труда. В основе исследования лежит база общенациональных административных данных, содержащая подробную информацию о трудоустройстве выпускников бакалавриата и специалитета российских вузов после получения диплома. Результаты регрессионного анализа свидетельствуют о наличии значительного зарплатного преимущества у выпускников селективных вузов. Положительный зарплатный эффект складывается как минимум из трех компонент: отбора наиболее способных студентов, качественной социальной среды и качества образования. Вопреки распространенному мнению о неуспешности «отличников» во взрослой жизни и безразличии работодателей к вузовским оценкам претендентов на должность наличие диплома с отличием также положительно связано с ранними результатами на рынке труда.
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