Восприятие школьной среды девушками с медицински диагностированной анорексией: биографическая реконструкция
Аннотация
Нервная анорексия — это ограничительное расстройство пищевого поведения, риск развития которого у женщин наиболее высок в подростковом возрасте, в период обучения в школе. В данной работе для описания восприятия школьной среды девушками с анорексией проанализированы 50 глубинных биографических интервью с жительницами России, Беларуси, Украины и Казахстана, у которых медицински диагностирована анорексия. Возраст участниц — от 14 до 25 лет. Дополнительно с помощью методики концентрических окружностей воссозданы эго-сети данных девушек, а также проанализированы принадлежащие им самоинициированные онлайн-дневники. Сбор данных осуществлялся летом и осенью 2020 г. В результате исследования выявлены четыре способа восприятия девушками анорексии в контексте их школьного обучения: анорексия как способ отвлечься от учебы, как средство от стресса, как хобби и как часть общей перфекционистской ориентации личности. На основе собранных данных удалось установить, какую роль играют учителя и соученики девушек в системе их социальных связей, а также какое влияние эти группы людей оказывают на формирование у девушек образа тела и представлений о еде. Автор приходит к выводу, что школы делают упор на перфекционизм, учебные достижения и формируют строгий дисциплинарный режим, при этом роль школы в жизни девушек с медицински установленным диагнозом «анорексия» во многом зависит от отношения их родителей к образованию.
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