Психологические исследования в полидисциплинарном дискурсе агентности: проблемы и перспективы
Аннотация
Анализируются причины системных затруднений, которые испытывает мировой мейнстрим психологии в разработке представлений о психологическом содержании агентности как свойства человека инициировать изменение среды. Автор полагает, что для анализа содержания концепта «агентность» не годится старая методологическая оптика западноцентричного мейнстрима, сложившегося во второй половине ХХ в. и основанного на теоретической модели «вечного» человека, наделенного «универсальными» общечеловеческими качествами. В ситуации качественных и радикальных изменений социального мира, происходящих в последние десятилетия, в частности в условиях деструктурации, перспективными оказываются исследовательские подходы, ориентированные на понимание личности как культурно зависимой и изменчивой сущности, прежде всего субъектно-деятельностный подход, развивающийся в российском дискурсе, а в мировой науке известный недостаточно. Субъектно-деятельностный подход автор рассматривает как альтернативу мейнстриму по теоретико-методологическим основаниям. При разработке проблемы психологического содержания агентности предлагается отказаться от доминирующих в мейнстриме диспозиций: от поиска «центра агентности» как отдельного компонента и подструктуры психики, в состав которого входят определенные функции и навыки, от поиска оснований агентности в сфере когниций и рефлексии. Агентность следует рассматривать как системное свойство целостного индивида, индивидуально специфичное и складывающееся прижизненно, и фокус исследований должен быть перенесен в мотивационно-потребностную и волевую сферу.
Обосновывается перспективность разработки проблемы агентности с позиций субъектно-деятельностного подхода как в части теории и методологии психологии, так и в части практических применений. Актуальность практических применений субъектно-деятельностного подхода в сфере образования обусловливается логикой социальных макропроцессов.
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