Политика NPM в высшем образовании: обзор влияния «нового государственного управления» на эффективность и производительность вузов
Аннотация
Распространение концепции нового государственного управления (new public management) повлекло за собой рост количества исследований результатов применения тех или иных мер государственной политики и оценки эффективности в высшем образовании. В статье представлен систематический обзор эмпирических исследований эффектов государственной политики, на основании которых имеется возможность судить о том, способна ли политика, направленная на повышение результативности, трансформировать и модернизировать деятельность вузов, увеличивая их эффективность и производительность. Механизмы реализации государственных интервенций подразделяются на три вида: это государственная политика в сфере финансирования, реструктуризации и управления автономией. В результате обобщения фрагментарных данных о влиянии государственных интервенций на эффективность и производительность университетов, полученных с помощью оболочечного анализа данных и метода стохастической границы, сформулирован ряд выводов. Создание более конкурентной среды и расширение автономии университетов коррелируют с более высокими показателями эффективности и производительности. Концентрация ресурсов на стороне предложения высшего образования с помощью инициатив превосходства и реструктуризация институционального ландшафта в результате Болонского процесса также показали свою эффективность в трансформации производственной функции университетов. Данные о слияниях вузов, инициированных государством, крайне ограниченны, и польза от реализации этой меры, в отличие от проведения добровольного слияния, вызывает сомнения.
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