Академическая карьера после защиты кандидатской диссертации на примере четырех отраслей российской науки
Аннотация
Наличие ученой степени — необходимое условие вхождения в академическое сообщество в качестве полноправного члена, и часто она становится первым шагом в построении академической карьеры. С целью исследования начальных этапов карьеры российских ученых проанализирована их публикационная активность в течение восьми лет после успешной защиты кандидатской диссертации, а именно статьи, проиндексированные в базах данных Scopus и eLibrary. Оценивались индивидуальная научная продуктивность и академическая мобильность, а также различия в построении карьеры между учеными, окончившими аспирантуру в организациях, которые относятся к разным секторам — университетскому и академическому. Проанализированы данные более чем 2 тыс. ученых, которые защитили кандидатские диссертации по биологии, химии, математике и физике в российских диссертационных советах в 2012 г. Выяснилось, что более половины из них продолжают работать в академической среде, и подавляющее большинство публикуют статьи в международных журналах. Доля ученых с низкой продуктивностью в выборке меньше, чем доля ученых с высокой продуктивностью. Исследователи, защитившиеся в ведущих университетах и исследовательских институтах, более продуктивны и менее мобильны по сравнению с учеными, защитившимися в университетах без особого статуса. Авторы приходят к выводу, что в рассматриваемых отраслях науки ученая степень кандидата наук — это прежде всего способ попасть в академическую профессию, и те, кто выбирает этот путь, становятся достаточно конкурентоспособными на международном уровне.
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