Упущенная возможность? Трансформация системы оплаты труда преподавателей в Казахстане в условиях роста заработной платы
Аннотация
Анализируется эффективность реформирования системы оплаты труда школьных учителей в Казахстане и его влияние на качество педагогической деятельности, а также на шансы привлечения в школы педагогов из университетов и профессионалов из других отраслей за счет повышения заработной платы. Основанием для анализа служат региональные статистические данные, обзоры динамики заработной платы, а также материалы интервью с администраций и учителями школ. Для оценки преобразований, проведенных в Казахстане, привлекаются данные исследований систем оплаты труда в странах Центральной Азии, описание действующей системы в Казахстане, а также анализ опыта трансформирования российской и эстонской систем оплаты труда учителей.
Казахстан, сохраняя централизованный контроль и систему ставок, добился значительного повышения средней оплаты труда учителей школ за счет введения системы квалификационных категорий и ряда надбавок за преподаваемые предметы и условия труда. Повышение престижности профессии педагога наряду с ростом зарплат обеспечило привлечение к педагогической деятельности молодых специалистов, а также снижение оттока квалифицированных педагогов из профессии. При этом проведенная реформа не стала, по мнению опрошенных учителей, значительным стимулом к повышению качества преподавания: в представлениях большинства из них новая система свелась к повышению заработной платы. Авторы приходят к выводу, что, несмотря на несомненный успех правительства Казахстана в подготовке основы для долгосрочной поддержки педагогических работников, предпринимаемые меры на данном этапе встретили понимания со стороны учителей и не обеспечивают улучшения результатов обучения.
Статья вносит вклад в дискуссию о результативности проведенных реформ, их влиянии на реальные доходы учителей, повышение статуса педагогических работников в обществе и их мотивации к профессиональному росту.
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