Родительство и гендер в российской академической среде
Аннотация
На основании данных проведенного в ноябре 2021 г. опроса 2395 экономистов, работающих в академической сфере, анализируется влияние родительства у матерей и отцов на такие элементы академической карьеры, как защита кандидатской диссертации и публикационная продуктивность.
Установлено, что мужчины успешно сочетают появление первого ребенка с защитой диссертации, в то время как у большинства женщин эти события происходят последовательно с разрывом во времени. Кроме того, стратегии сочетания родительства с выстраиванием профессиональной карьеры у молодых респондентов отличаются от стратегий их более старших коллег: чем старше женщина в нашей выборке, тем с большей вероятностью она отдает предпочтение стратегии «сначала ребенок – потом защита». Со временем приоритеты поменялись, и сейчас женщины склонны скорее откладывать рождение ребенка.
На основании базы данных библиотеки elibrary.ru получены показатели публикационной продуктивности респондентов, свидетельствующие о том, что мужчины в среднем публикуют больше работ, индексируемых в РИНЦ и в ядре РИНЦ. Аналогичный публикационный разрыв выявлен и в других странах, при этом исследователи выдвигают в качестве возможного объяснения неравную нагрузку, которую несут женщины и мужчины в процессе родительства. Результаты проведенного исследования не дают оснований считать наличие или отсутствие ребенка значимым фактором, объясняющим этот разрыв. Автор рассматривает среди возможных причин публикационного разрыва самоотбор респондентов вследствие наличия барьеров внутри академической среды, а также различия в целеполагании: женщины и с детьми, и без детей относительно чаще мужчин ориентированы на преподавательскую карьеру; при этом наличие ребенка может усиливать эту тенденцию.
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