Whose Children? Extracurricular Education in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union

Ivan Ivanov

doi:10.17323/1814-9545-2022-4-184-207

Ivan Ivanov National Research University Higher School of Economics https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-8899

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2022-4-184-207

Keywords: extracurricular education, additional education, post-Soviet transit, institutional transformation, educational inequality

Abstract

The system of extracurricular education in the Soviet Union had a high level of institutional development and sustainability, which ensured universal coverage of children with extracurricular activities and their accessibility. After the collapse of the USSR, the former Soviet republics built extracurricular education sectors based on Soviet heritage and the search for national identity in the organization of extracurricular time for children and their upbringing. This study compares the current state of extracurricular education sectors in all 15 countries of the former Soviet Union. The results of the analysis of models of their institutional transformation, which leads to meaningful and systemic changes in the state’s and society’s attitude to children’s extracurricular time, are presented.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afterschool Alliance (2014) America after 3PM: Afterschool Programs in Demand. Washington, D.C.: Afterschool Alliance. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20117

Åslund A. (2009) Why Market Reform Succeeded and Democracy Failed in Russia. Social Research: An International Quarterly, vol. 76, no 1, pp. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2009.0018

Behtoui A. (2019) Swedish Young People's After-School Extra-Curricular Activities: Attendance, Opportunities and Consequences. British Journal of Sociology of Education, vol. 40, no 3, pp. 340–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2018.1540924

Chandler A. (2001) Globalization, Social Welfare Reform and Democratic Identity in Russia and Other Post-Communist Countries. Global Social Policy, vol. 1, no 3, pp. 310–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/146801810100100303

Chankseliani M. (2017) Charting the Development of Knowledge on Soviet and Post-Soviet Education through the Pages of Comparative and International Education Journals. Comparative Education, vol. 53, no 2, pp. 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2017.1293407

Cooper H., Valentine J.C., Nye B., Lindsay J.J. (1999) Relationships between Five After-School Activities and Academic Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 91, no 2, pp. 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.2.369

Cosden M., Morrison G., Gutierrez L., Brown M. (2004) The Effects of Homework Programs and After-School Activities on School Success. Theory into Practice, vol. 43, no 3, pp. 220–226. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4303_8

Dacin T., Goodstein J., Scott W.R. (2002) Institutional Theory and Institutional Change: Introduction to the Special Research Forum. Academy of Management Journal, vol. 45, no 1, pp. 45–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069284

Deich B.A. (2012) Analiz sovremennykh podkhodov k periodizatsii protsessa stanovleniya i razvitiya dopolnitel'nogo obrazovaniya (vneshkol'noj raboty) v Rossii [Analysis of Modern Approaches to the Periodization of the Process of Formation and Development of Additional Education (Extracurricular Work) in Russia]. Siberian Pedagogical Journal, no 6, pp. 147–153.

Donnelly M., Lazetic P., Sandoval-Hernández A., Kameshwara K.K., Whewall S. (2019) An Unequal Playing Field: Extra-Curricular Activities, Soft Skills and Social Mobility. Bath: University of Bath

Egorov G.V. (2015) Sotsial'naya politika v SSSR v period c 1980–1991 gg. [Social Policy in the USSR in the Period from 1980–1991]. Novoe slovo v nauke i praktike: gipotezy i aprobatsiya rezul'tatov issledovaniy, no 17, pp. 55–60.

Foucault M. (2007) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. London: Penguin Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv120qr2d.34

Ellison N. (2006) The Transformation of Welfare States? London, New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203099490

Esping-Andersen G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University. https://doi.org/10.1177/095892879100100108

Esping-Andersen G. (ed.) (1996) Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Economies. London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446216941

Golovanov V.P. (2009) Istoricheskie uroki stanovleniya i razvitiya otechestvennoj sistemy dopolnitel'nogo obrazovaniya detej. K 90-letiyu gosudarstvennoj sistemy dopolnitel'nogo obrazovaniya detej. [Historical Lessons of Forming and Developing National System of Children’s Extended Education. In Connection with 90th Anniversary of Children’s Extended Education State System]. St. Tikhon's University Review. Series IV: Pedagogy. Psychology no 12, pp. 69–84.

Hacker J.S. (2002) The Divided Welfare State: The Battle over Public and Private Social Benefits in the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817298

Hanson M. (2001) Institutional Theory and Educational Change. Educational Administration Quarterly, vol. 37, no 5, pp. 637–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131610121969451

Ivanov I.Yu. (2021) Vneshkol'noe obrazovanie v zarubezhnykh issledovaniyakh: opredeleniya i kharakteristiki [What Is Extracurricular Education? Definition of Children’s Extracurricular Activities in Foreign Studies]. Domestic and Foreign Pedagogy, no 2(6), pp. 112–124. https://doi.org/10.24412/2224-0772-2021-81-112-124

Ivanov I.Yu. (2020) Vremenno nedostupen: vynuzhdennaya pauza zarubezhnykh provajderov vneshkol'nogo obrazovaniya detej [Temporarily Unavailable: Forced Pause of Foreign Providers of Extracurricular Education of Children]. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye posledstviya koronavirusa v Rossii i v mire. Analiticheskiy byulleten' NIU VShE, iss.1, pp. 51–56.

Ivanov I.Yu., Kosaretsky S.G. (2021) Neravenstvo vozmozhnostey detey vo vneshkol'nom obrazovanii v postsovetskikh stranakh [Inequality of Children's Opportunities in Extracurricular Education in Post-Soviet Countries]. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology, no 4, pp. 58–68. https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-4-58-68

Ivanov I.Yu., Kosaretsky S.G. (2022) Razvitie vneshkol'nogo obrazovaniya na postsovetskom prostranstve [The Development of Extracurricular Education in the Post-Soviet Space]. Vestnik Kyrgyzskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni I. Arabaeva, no 1, pp. 77–87.

Ivanov I.Yu., Kupriyanov B.V., Kosaretsky S.G. (2021) Kollektivnoe i soznatel'noe: institutsional'ny vzglyad na sovetskoe vneshkol'noe obrazovanie [Collective and Intentional: Institutional Focus on Soviet Extracurricular Education]. Educational Policy Magazine, no 2, pp. 76–87. https://doi.org/10.22394/2078−838X−2021−2−76−86

Junge S.K., Manglallan S., Raskauskas J. (2003) Building Life Skills through Afterschool Participation in Experiential and Cooperative Learning. Child Study Journal, vol. 33, no 3, pp. 165–174.

Kargina Z.A. (2012) Dopolnitel'noe obrazovanie detej: istoriya, teoriya, metodologiya [Extracurricular Education of Children: History, Theory, Methodology]. Moscow: Econ-inform.

Kay A. (2005) A Critique of the Use of Path Dependency in Policy Studies. Public Administration, vol. 83, no 3, pp. 553–571. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2005.00462.x

Khavenson T., Carnoy M. (2016) The Unintended and Intended Academic Consequences of Educational Reforms: The Cases of Post-Soviet Estonia, Latvia and Russia. Oxford Review of Education, vol. 42, no 2, pp. 178–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2016.1157063

Klinova M.A. (2014) Sotsiologicheskie oprosy kak istochnik izucheniya mneniya naseleniya ob urovne sobstvennogo blagosostoyaniya: issledovanie vektorov iskazheniya dannyh [Sociological Surveys as a Source of Studying the Opinion of the Population about the Level of Their Own Welfare: A Study of Vectors of Data Distortion]. Adler's Sociological Readings, vol. 7, no 1-1, pp. 229–232.

Kosaretsky S., Ivanov I. (2020) Inequality in Extracurricular Education in Russia. IJREE—International Journal for Research on Extended Education, vol. 7, no 2, pp. 7–8. https://doi.org/10.3224/ijree.v7i2.03

Kosaretsky S.G., Froumin I.D. (eds) (2019) Dopolnitel'noe obrazovanie detej v Rossii: edinoe i mnogoobraznoe [Extracurricular Education of Children in Russia: Unified and Diverse]. Moscow: HSE. https://doi.org/10.17323/978-5-7598-1956-1

Kupriyanov B.V. (2018) Zanimat' svobodnoe vremya ili obrazovyvat'? [To Occupy Free Time or to Educate?] Extracurricular Education of Children in Russia: Historical Heritage and Modern Problems. Materials of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the System of Extracurricular Education for Children (eds T.A. Antopol'skaya, T.V. Yakunina), Kursk: Universitetskaya kniga, pp. 74–83.

Kupriyanov B.V. (2016) Sotsial'naya missiya vneshkol'nogo obrazovaniya v SSSR: istoricheskaya rekonstruktsiya sovetskogo megaproekta [Social Mission of Extracurricular Education in the USSR: Historical Reconstruction of the Soviet Megaproject]. MCU Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology, no 2, pp. 101–109.

Lyashok A.S. (2011) K voprosu o konstruirovanii «povsednevnosti mal'chikov» i «povsednevnosti devochek» v prostranstve shkoly 1980-kh —pervoj poloviny 1990-kh godov [On the Question of Construction of Boys Everyday Life and Girls Everyday Life in School Space of 1980s—the First Half of the 1990s]. Theory and Practice of Social Development, no 8, pp. 119–124.

Mahoney J.L., Larson R.W., Eccles J.S. (eds) (2005) Organized Activities as Contexts of Development: Extracurricular Activities, After-School and Community Programs. New York, NY: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410612748

Ménard C., Shirley M.M. (2014) The Contribution of Douglass North to New Institutional Economics. Institutions, Property Rights, and Economic Growth: The Legacy of Douglass North (eds S. Galiani, I. Sened), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107300361.003

Meyer H.D., Rowan B. (2006) Institutional Analysis and the Study of Education. The New Institutionalism in Education. Available at: https://sunypress.edu/content/download/451693/5494028/version/1/file/9780791469057_imported2_excerpt.pdf (accessed 2 November 2022).

Minina E. (2017) Quality Revolution in Post-Soviet Education in Russia: From Control to Assurance? Journal of Education Policy, vol. 32, no 2, pp. 176–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1250165

Molokov D.S. (2013) Zarubezhny opyt predostavleniya uslug v sfere dopolnitel'nogo obrazovaniya detej [Foreign Experience on Service in the Sphere of Children's Further Education]. Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin, vol. 2, no 1, pp. 225–231.

Niyozov S., Dastambuev N. (2013) Exploiting Globalization While Being Exploited by It: Insights from Post-Soviet Education Reforms in Central Asia. Comparative and International Education, vol. 41, no 3, Article no 3. https://doi.org/10.5206/cie-eci.v41i3.9210

North D.C. (2018) Institutional Change: A Framework of Analysis. Social Rules: Origin, Character, Logic, Change (ed. D. Braybrooke), New York, London: Routledge, pp. 189–201. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429497278-13

Pinsky A.A. (2002) Novaya shkola: osnovy kompleksnogo proekta obnovleniya shkol'noy ekonomiki, upravleniya shkoloy i soderzhaniya obshchego obrazovaniya [The New School: The Basics of a Comprehensive Project to Update the School Economy, School Management and the Content of General Education]. Moscow: HSE.

Podolsky V.A. (2021) Razvitie sotsial'noj politiki v SSSR: sravnitel'ny analiz s zapadnymi praktikami [Social Policy Development in the USSR: Comparative Analysis with Western Practices]. The Bulletin of the Volga Region Institute of Administration, vol. 21, no 6, pp. 102–110. https://doi.org/10.22394/1682-2358-2021-6-102-110

Polese A., Morris J., Kovács B. (2015) Introduction: The Failure and Future of the Welfare State in Post-Socialism. Journal of Eurasian Studies, vol. 6, no 1, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2014.11.001

Polski M.M., Ostrom E. (2017) An Institutional Framework for Policy Analysis and Design. Elinor Ostrom and the Bloomington School of Political Economy. Vol. 3. A Framework for Policy Analysis (eds D.H. Cole, M.D. McGinnis), Plymouth: Lexington Books, pp. 13–48.

Posner J.K., Vandell D.L. (1994) Low‐Income Children's After‐School Care: Are There Beneficial Effects of After‐School Programs? Child Development, vol. 65, no 2, pp. 440–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00762.x

Povolyaeva M.N., Popova I.N., Dubovik I.M. (2015) Razvitie neformal'nogo obrazovaniya v sovremennoj Rossii i za rubezhom [The Development of Non-Formal Education in Modern Russia and Abroad]. Bibliotechka dlya uchrezhdenij dopolnitel'nogo obrazovaniya detej, no 1, pp. 1–120.

Putnam R.D. (2016) Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis. New York. NY: Simon and Schuster.

Putnam R.D. (1992) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.

Ritchey T. (2011) Wicked Problems—Social Messes. Decision Support Modelling with Morphological Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19653-9_2

Ryzhov A.N. (2010) Problemy genezisa vedushchikh pedagogicheskikh ponyatij v usloviyakh stanovleniya i razvitiya nauchno-pedagogicheskoj teorii v Rossii XIX–XX vv. [Problems of Genesis of Major Pedagogical Concepts in the Conditions of Formation and Development of the Pedagogical Theory in Russia in the 19th-20th Centuries]. Science and School, no 6, pp. 134–142.

Sidorina T.Yu. (2005) Sotsial'naya politika — popytka filosofskoj interpretatsii [Social Policy—an Attempt at Philosophical Interpretation]. Voprosy Filosofii, no 12, pp. 20–29.

Sinyavsky A.D. (2002) Osnovy sovetskoj tsivilizatsii [The Foundations of Soviet Civilization]. Moscow: Agraf.

Shayakhmetova V.R. (2015) Vseobshchee ravenstvo i bednost' naseleniya v SSSR [The Equality and Poverty in the USSR]. Aktual'nye voprosy obshchestvennykh nauk: sotsiologiya, politologiya, filosofiya, istoriya, no 2 (43), pp. 73–78.

Timoshenkov I.V. (2005) Sistema obrazovaniya v zerkale ekonomicheskoj nauki [The Education System in the Mirror of Economic Science]. Kharkov: Narodnaya ukrainskaya akademiya.

Tlostanova M. (2012) Postsocialist ≠ Postcolonial? On Post-Soviet Imaginary and Global Coloniality. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, vol. 48, no 2, pp. 130–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2012.658244

Tool M.R. (1994) Institutional Adjustment and Instrumental Value. Review of International Political Economy, vol. 1, no 3, pp. 405–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692299408434293

Wang X., Yao J., Zhou S. (2022) Does Housework Help Improve Academic Performance? An Empirical Analysis on the Influence of Participation in Housework on Academic Performance of Primary and Middle School Students. Best Evidence in Chinese Education, vol. 10, no 1, pp. 1283–1301. https://doi.org/10.15354/bece.22.or009

Weick K.E. (1976) Educational Organizations as Loosely Coupled Systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 21, no 1, pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391875

UNESCO (2022) Reimagining our Futures Together: A New Social Contract for Education. Paris: UNESCO.

Yarskaya-Smirnova E.R., Romanov P.V., Lebina N.B. (eds) (2008) Sovetskaya sotsial'naya politika: stseny i dejstvuyushchie litsa. 1940–1985 [Soviet Social Policy: Scenes and Actors. 1940–1985]. Moscow: Variant.

Yurchak A. (2016) Eto bylo navsegda, poka ne konchilos'. Poslednee sovetskoe pokolenie [It Was Forever Until It Was No More. The Last Soviet Generation]. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.

Zwicky F. (1969) Discovery, Invention, Research through the Morphological Approach. New York: Macmillan

Zaytseva O.V. (2009) Nepreryvnoe obrazovanie: osnovnye ponyatiya i opredeleniya [Continuous Education: Main Definitions and Terminology]. Bulletin of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University, iss. 7 (85), pp. 106–109.

Želvys R. (2020) Glokalizatsiya vysshego obrazovaniya v postsotsialisticheskoy strane: opyt Litvy [Glocalization of Higher Education in a Post-Socialist Country: The Case of Lithuania]. Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, no 3, pp. 277–302. https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2020-3-277-302

Major Indexing