Институциональные стратегии вузов и практики оплаты труда научно-педагогических работников: кластерный анализ российских университетов
Аннотация
Авторы ставят под сомнение основанную на теории ресурсной зависимости модель распределения финансирования в вузах, при которой доходы вуза от научной деятельности прямо определяют размеры вознаграждения ученых, и выдвигают гипотезу о существовании более сложных стратегий перераспределения, привлекая для их обоснования теорию заинтересованных лиц.
На основе данных Мониторинга эффективности деятельности образовательных организаций высшего образования с помощью множественной регрессии по всей выборке (N=872) проверена базовая гипотеза о линейной связи доходов от НИОКР с зарплатами научных сотрудников; затем с помощью кластерного анализа k-means (валидированного методом k-NN) и регрессий внутри кластеров выявлена неоднородность вузов с точки зрения стратегий вознаграждения научных работников.
Основной вывод исследования состоит в том, что простая модель ресурсной зависимости является скорее исключением, чем правилом. Эмпирически выделены три устойчивые стратегические модели вознаграждения: «научные лидеры», «приоритет науки» и «образовательный фокус». Доказано, что прямая связь между доходами от НИОКР и зарплатами ученых характерна лишь для элитной группы «научных лидеров». В самой массовой группе вузов («приоритет науки») эта связь отсутствует, что является прямым свидетельством кросс-субсидирования научной миссии за счет других источников. Таким образом, большинство российских вузов действуют как сложные стратегические агенты, балансирующие интересы разных стейкхолдеров. Авторы делают вывод, что теория ресурсной зависимости и теория заинтересованных сторон в контексте высшего образования не столько противоречат, сколько дополняют друг друга, описывая поведение разных типов университетов.
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