China’s Strategy for Internationalization of Higher Education Following the Global Trend
Аннотация
In an interconnected and interdependent world, the IHE strategies of all states are shaping and being shaped by globalization and the emerging global IHE trend. China is a prominent player with massive mobility activities; therefore, it influences the global education landscape. This study examines China’s IHE strategy in terms of its importance, focus, and purpose, as well as the policy coherence and ethical issues based on approaches to and rationales behind promoting IHE. It is based on a qualitative analysis of the Working Priority of the Ministry of Education of China and related policy documents. It was found that China adopted the “walking on two legs” strategy, with more outward orientation and awareness of local needs. Following the approaches frequently featured in the global trend, China also utilized a number of innovative methods. The IHE was not an end in China, but an intentional, systematic, and strategic means with certain challenges for national building.
Скачивания
Литература
Altbach P.G., Hazelkorn E. (2017) Pursuing Rankings in the Age of Massification: For Most-Forget About it. International Higher Education, no 89, pp. 8–10. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2017.89.9834
Cai L., Wilkins S., Zhao L., Zhang Y. (2024) Student Identity in Transnational Higher Education: International Branch Campuses versus Sino-foreign Institutes. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, vol. 55, no 7, pp. 1258–1276. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2024.2393120
Constant A.F., Tien B.N., Zimmermann K.F., Meng J. (2013) China’s Latent Human Capital Investment: Achieving Milestones and Competing for the Top. The Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 22, iss. 79, pp. 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.716947
De Wit H. (2020) Internationalization of Higher Education: The Need for a More Ethical and Qualitative Approach. Journal of International Students, vol. 10, no 1, pp. i–iv. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1893
De Wit H. (2019) Internationalization in Higher Education, a Critical Review. SFU Educational Review, vol. 12, no 3, pp. 9–17. https://doi.org/10.21810/sfuer.v12i3.1036
De Wit H. (2002) Internationalisation of Higher Education in the United States of America and Europe. A Historical, Comparative, and Conceptual Analysis. Greenwood, CT: Greenwood Studies in Higher Education.
De Wit H., Altbach P.G. (2021) Internationalization in Higher Education: Global Trends and Recommendations for Its Future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 5, no 1, pp. 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898
De Wit H., Hunter F., Egron-Polak E., Howard L. (eds) (2015) Internationalisation of Higher Education: A Study for the European Parliament. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/540370/IPOL_STU(2015)540370_EN.pdf (accessed 28.11.2025).
De Wit H., Rumbley L., Crăciun D., Mihut G., Woldegiyorgis A., Garwe E. et al. (2021) International Mapping of National Tertiary Education Internationalization Strategies and Plans (NTEISPs). The Bloomsbury Handbook of The Internationalization of Higher Education in The Global South (eds J. Thondhlana, E. Chiyevo Garwe, H. De Wit, J. Gacel-Ávila, F. Huang, W. Tamrat), London: Bloomsbury, pp. 29–38. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350139275.ch-003
Gao Y., Liu J. (2020) International Student Recruitment Campaign: Experiences of Selected Flagship Universities in China. Higher Education, vol. 80, no 4, pp. 663–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00503-8
Jones E., De Wit H. (2014) Globalized Internationalization: Implications for Policy and Practice. IIE Networker, Spring, pp. 28–29.
Knight J. (2015) Five Truths about Internationalization. International Higher Education, no 69, pp. 4–5. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2012.69.8644
Knight J. (2012) Student Mobility and Internationalization: Trends and Tribulations. Research in Comparative and International Education, vol. 7, no 1, pp. 20–33. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2012.7.1.20
Knight J. (2011) Education Hubs: A Fad, a Brand, an Innovation? Journal of Studies in International Education, vol. 15, no 3, pp. 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315311398046
Knight J. (2008) Higher Education in Turmoil: The Changing World of Internationalization. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Knight J. (2005) An Internationalization Model: Responding to New Realities and Challenges. Higher Education in Latin America: The International Dimension (eds H. De Wit, I.C. Jaramillo, J. Knight, J. Gacel-Avila), Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6209-9
Knight J. (2004) Internationalization Remodeled: Definition, Approaches, and Rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, vol. 8, no 1, pp. 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315303260832
Knight J. (2003) Updated Definition of Internationalization. International Higher Education, no 33. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2003.33.7391
Knight J., De Wit H. (2018) Internationalization of Higher Education: Past and Future. International Higher Education, no 95, pp. 2–4. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2018.95.10715
Knight J., Mcnamara J. (2017) Global: The Impact of transnational Education in Receiving Countries. Understanding Higher Education Internationalization (eds G. Mihut, P. Altbach, H. De Wit), Boston , Rotterdam , Taipei: Sense Publishers, pp. 57–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6351-161-2_13
Larbi F.O., Zaoming M., Xianzhe C., Yating H. (2020) The Financial Strategies and Approaches of Chinese Government Towards the Internationalization of Higher Education in China. Amfiteatru Economic, vol. 22, no 53, pp. 179–196. https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2019/53/179
Marginson S. (2017) Do Rankings Drive Better Performance? International Higher Education, no 89, pp. 6–8. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2017.89.9833
Nederveen Pieterse J. (2009) Globalization and Culture: Three Paradigms. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
OECD (2006) Education Policy Analysis 2006: Focus on Higher Education. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/epa-2006-en
OECD (2004) Internationalisation and Trade in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264015067-en
Portnoi L.M. (2016) Policy Borrowing and Reform in Education: Globalized Processes and Local Contexts. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53024-0
Van der Wende M.C. (2001) Internationalisation Policies: About New Trends and Contrasting Paradigms. Higher Education Policy, vol. 14, no 3, pp. 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-8733(01)00018-6
Wang L. (2014) Internationalization with Chinese Characteristics: The Changing Discourse of Internationalization in China. Chinese Education and Society, vol. 47, no 1, pp. 7–26. https://doi.org/10.2753/CED1061-1932470101
Wen W. (2018) Inbound International Student Policies in China: A Historical Perspective. Asian Education and Development Studies, vol. 7, no 2, pp. 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-09-2017-0097
Wu H. (2019) Three Dimensions of China’s “outward-oriented” higher education internationalization. Higher Education, vol. 77, no 1, pp. 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0262-1
Yang R. (2014) China’s Strategy for the Internationalization of Higher Education: An Overview. Frontiers of Education in China, vol. 9, no 2, pp. 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03397011
Yang R. (2002) University Internationalisation: Its Meanings, Rationales and Implications. Intercultural Education, vol. 13, no 1, pp. 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675980120112968
