Typology and Structure of the School Lesson: A Review of Publications before and after the Introduction of the 2nd Generation FGOS
Abstract
This article presents the results of an analysis of domestic scientific articles and teaching materials over the past 25 years, which are publicly available and address the topic of «lesson structure». An array of 65 publications was collected during work with electronic libraries: eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka and the Google Academy, and covers the period from 1997 to 2022. The review includes four areas: description of current typologies of lessons, identification of features of the structure of educational classes, an explanation of what characterizes the concept of “modern lesson” in different time periods, as well as a generalization of the author’s approaches to lesson planning. The study of the collected materials made it possible to identify changes in the planning, organization and delivery of the lesson, as well as the interaction between the teacher and students. The role of the teacher has transformed from a keeper of knowledge to a source of motivation and mentor. Much attention begins to be paid to the student’s subjectivity and the development of his educational independence. In this regard, the interaction between teacher and student takes on a more partnership-like character. The lesson ceases to be considered as a separate event and becomes part of the system of training sessions and a unified educational process, and the structure of the lesson is revised taking into account the emotional involvement of students and the importance of achieving educational results.
Downloads
References
Abasov Z.A. (2004) Non-Traditional Lessons as a Pedagogical Innovation. Innovation in Education, no 3, pp. 118–130.
Aref'eva S.A., Aref'eva O.V. (2019) Technological Card of the Russian Language Lesson. Vestnik of the Mari State University, vol. 13, no 3, pp. 307–312 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.30914/2072–6783–2019–13–3–307–312
Batyushkina T.Ju., Mestnikova N.A. (2016) Approaches of a Modern Lesson (Class) for the Formation of General Competencies. Economy and Society, no 5 (24), pp. 72–76 (In Russian).
Bekker L.G. (2020) Didactic Basics of Designing Lessons in the Russian Language in Secondary School. Vestnik Khakasskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.F. Katanova, no 4, pp. 84–93 (In Russian).
Belyakova E.G. (2009) Designing a Meaning-Oriented Lesson in a General Education School. The Education and Science Journal, no 3, pp. 107–117 (In Russian).
Bershadskiy M.E. (2011) Introduction to Cognitive Learning Technology]. Journal of School Technology, no 4, pp. 34–40 (In Russian).
Bolkhovskaya E.V. (2016) Modern Approaches to the Lesson. Proceeding of the IX International Scientific Conference "Current Issues of Modern Pedagogy" (Samara, 2016, 20–23 September), Samara: ASGARD, pp. 32–34 (In Russian).
Borisova I.M., Kritinina E.A. (2018) System-Performance Approach in Teaching Literature (on the Material of A. Usachev Tale "Bova-Korolevich")]. Vestnik of Orenburg State University, no 5 (217), pp. 15–20 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-217-15
Bovkunovich E.V. (2009) Modeling a Modern Lesson Using Modern Information and Communication Technologies. Municipal Education: Innovation and Experiment, no 4, pp. 58–60 (In Russian).
Bysik N.V., Evtyukhova V.S., Pinskaya M.A. (eds) (2017) I Am an Effective Teacher: How to Motivate to Study and Increase the Success of “Weak” Students. Moscow: Universitetskaya kniga (In Russian).
Carnoy M., Larina G.S., Markina V.M. (2019) (Un)usual Schools: Diversity and Inequality. Moscow: HSE (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/978-5-7598-1983-7
Carnoy M., Ngware M., Oketch M. (2015) The Role of Classroom Resources and National Educational Context in Student Learning Gains: Comparing Botswana, Kenya, and South Africa. Comparative Education Review, vol. 59, no 2, pp. 199–233. https://doi.org/10.1086/680173
Chernysheva N.M. (2015) The Type of Modern Lesson in the Context of Activity-Based Technologies. Proceedings of the 10th International Scientific and Practical Conference "Modern Problems of Development of Education and Upbringing of Youth" (Makhachkala, 2016, December, 20). Makhachkala: "Aprobatsiya", pp. 65–66 (In Russian).
Emelina A.V. (2007) Differentiated and Individual Approaches as the Main Component of the Methodological Base of a Modern Lesson. Nachal'naya shkola, no 6, pp. 89–93 (In Russian).
Exuzyan G.G. (2010) Modern Foreign Language Lesson. Obrazovanie v sovremennoy shkole, no 3, pp. 18–24 (In Russian).
Fedotova N.A. (2009) Research Activities of Students in the Field of Linguistics: Lesson Development. Issledovatel' / Researcher, no 3–4, pp. 232–236 (In Russian).
Frolova L.S. (2008) Non-Traditional Forms of Literature Lessons in the System of Developmental Education Created by D.B. Elkonin — V.V. Davydov: New Opportunities for Organizing Educational Dialogue. Proceedings of the II Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference "Interaction between University and School in Teaching Domestic Literature" (Yaroslavl, 2008, February 12–13), Yaroslavl: Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, pp. 118–124 (In Russian).
Gapontsev V.L., Fjodorov V.A., Gapontseva M.G. (2010) The Analysis of Structure of Types in the Theory of the Education Maintenance of V.S. Lednev. Part 1. A Role of Principles of "Double Occurrence" and "Functional Completeness" in the Theory of Education Maintenance. Agricultural Engineering (Moscow), no 3, pp. 15–19 (In Russian).
Gorbitsh O.I. (2006) At Lessons of Russian in Secondary School. St. Tikhon's University Review. Series IV: Pedagogy. Psychology, no 3, pp. 136–146 (In Russian).
Gudkova M.N. (2013) Technology of the Performance Method of Teaching in Lessons of Introducing New Knowledge. Koncept, no 1, pp. 131–134 (In Russian).
Guzenko I.G. (2003) Experience of a Lipetsk School: Commented Learning, Lesson Score, Combined Lesson with Inspiring Beginning and Dynamic Continuation in Modern Education. Gaudeamus, no 3, pp. 142–154 (In Russian).
Ibragimov G.I. (2008) Development of a Lesson in the Conditions of Modular Learning. Innovation in Education, no 5, pp. 21–30 (In Russian).
Ivanova G.M., Fertova A.I. (1997) Test Lessons in General Biology: A Non-Traditional Approach to Organization and Conduct. Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin, no 2, pp. 57–60 (In Russian).
Ivanova T.A. (2005) Setting Goals for a Modern Mathematics Lesson. Mathematical bulletin of Vyatka State University, no 7, pp. 214–224 (In Russian).
Ivanovskaya O.G. (2015) The Semantic Resonance at Pupils on the Speech of a Teacher as the Text of Culture. Education in Nizhny Novgorod, no 1, pp. 126–130 (In Russian).
Izbassarova R.Sh. (2012) How to Maximize the Impact of a Modern Lesson at School. Pedagogika i psikhologiya obrazovaniya / Pedagogy and Psychology of Education, no 3, pp. 20–24 (In Russian).
Khanin V.A., Suvorova S.L. (2022) Methodological and Technological Aspects of Designing a Modern Foreign Language Lesson. Pedagogical Perspective, no 2(6), pp. 3–9 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.55523/27822559_2022_2(6)_3
Kharunzhev A.A., Kharunzheva E.V. (2003) Integrated Lesson as One of the Ways to Form an Information Culture. Integration of Education, no 3, pp. 84–89 (In Russian).
Khaymovich L.V. (2009) Indirect Utterances in the Lesson Structure and Their Interpretation. Siberian Pedagogical Journal, no 4, pp. 124–132 (In Russian).
Koblov F.Ch. (2018) On the Structure of the Lesson and Its Requirements. Mezhdunarodnyj nauchnyj zhurnal "Vestnik nauki", vol. 1, no 8 (8), pp. 35–38 (In Russian).
Korol' A.D. (2013a) How to Prepare and Conduct a Dialogue Lesson. Journal of School Technology, no 2, pp. 83–95 (In Russian).
Korol' A.D. (2013b) How to Prepare and Conduct a Dialogue Lesson. Journal of School Technology, no 3, pp. 111–121 (In Russian).
Korovnikova L.A. (2013) “First rules” for a Teacher in Organizing the Educational Process within the Implementation of the Federal State Educational Standards (from the Experience of School no 41). Municipal Education: Innovation and Experiment, no 6, pp. 9–14 (In Russian).
Kubrushko P.F., Sozinov S.V. (2006) Features of Organizing the Educational Process in Conditions of Distance Learning Based on Network Technology. The Education and Science Journal, no 1, pp. 67–72 (In Russian).
Kul'nevich S.V., Lakotsenina T.P. (2005) Modern Lesson. Part II: Scientific-Practical Guide for Teachers, Methodologists, Educational Institution Managers, Students of Pedagogical Educational Institutions and Institute of Advanced Training. Rostov-na-Donu: "Uchitel'" (In Russian).
Kul'nevich S.V., Lakotsenina T.P. (2003) Analysis of a Modern Lesson. Rostov-na-Donu: "Uchitel'" (In Russian).
Kuvshinova E.N. (2017) Training Future Teachers of Computer Science for Working out Technological Cards of Lessons in the Conditions of Realization of the Federal State Educational Standard for General Education. RUDN Journal of Informatization in Education, vol. 14, no 1, pp. 24–33 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8631-2017-14-1-24-33
Kuzovlev V.P. (2014) How to Teach Today So as Not to Be Ashamed Tomorrow. Education. Foreign Languages (In Russian). Available at: https://ijazyki.prosv.ru/2014/02/today–tomorroshh/#more–14509 (accessed 9 December 2024).
Laptieva G.G., Ivanova N.A. (2018) Criteria of Modern Lesson Analysis and Introspection for Primary School. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya, no 59-4, pp. 35–38 (In Russian).
Levchenko I.V. (2008) Studying the Structural Elements of a Lesson in the Process of Methodological Training for Teaching Informatics. The Academic Journal of Moscow City University, Series “Informatics and Informatization of Education“, no 12, pp. 37–42 (In Russian).
Levitskaya N.A. (2013) Modern Lesson Designing in the Context of Federal Second Generation Standards. Journal of School Technology, no 3, pp. 28–33 (In Russian).
Logvinova I., Kopoteva G. (2015) Lesson Technological Card as a Way of Forming Universal Educational Actions. Municipal Education: Innovation and Experiment, no 5, pp. 12–18 (In Russian).
Makarova D.V. (2007) Expressiveness of the Teacher's Explanatory Monologue as a Means of Emotional Interaction in Pedagogical Discourse. Prepodavatel XXI vek, no 2, pp. 157–162 (In Russian).
Makarova T.G. (2010) Information Technologies in Teaching Russian Language and Literature. Vestnik of the Mari State University, no 5, pp. 134–136 (In Russian).
Masharova T.V. (1997) Pedagogical Theories, Systems, and Teaching Technologies. Kirov: Vyatka State Pedagogical University (In Russian).
Mashin'ian A.A., Kochergina N.V. (2015) Cognitive Technology of Knowledge Formation about Natural Science Theories. Perspectives of Science and Education, no 3(15), pp. 72–81 (In Russian).
Maslennikov I.P. (2021) Types of History Lessons to Cover the Topic "Russia's Foreign Policy in the First Half of the 19th Century". Filo Ariadne, no 2(22), pp. 40–50 (In Russian).
Mironov A.V. (2013) Lesson Structure as a Means of Implementing the Activity-Based Teaching Method. Vospitanie i obuchenie, no 6, pp. 55–60 (In Russian).
Morgunova I.G. (2010) Features of a Technology Lesson in Primary School: Didactic Aspect. Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta / The Bryansk State University Herald, no 1, pp. 255–258 (In Russian).
Nosova L.S. (2006) Technology of Designing a System of Lessons. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Education, Health Care, Physical Education, no 16 (71), pp. 217–221 (In Russian).
Osipova E.V., Navrotskaya Ju.V. (2020) Technologies for Designing Modern Lessons. Akademiya professional'nogo obrazovaniya, no 1(92), pp. 35–39 (In Russian).
Pervova G.M. (2002) Typology of Lessons in Primary Education. Gaudeamus, no 1, pp. 151–155 (In Russian).
Peterson L.G. (2007) Activity-Based Teaching Method: The Educational System "School 2000...". Building a Continuous Field of Education. Moscow: Uwenta.
Peterson L.G. (2013) Didactic System of the Activity-Based Method "School 2000..." as a Mechanism for Implementing Second-Generation Standards. Municipal Education: Innovation and Experiment, no 5, pp. 3–9 (In Russian).
Petunin O.V. (2015) Designing a Geography Lesson in a New Technological Form. Tavricheskiy nauchny obozrevatel', no 1, pp. 63–69 (In Russian).
Pisaruk G.V. (2008) What Is the Relevance of the Modern Russian Language Lesson? (Reflections of a Practitioner-Methodologist). Russkiy yazyk i literatura, no 8, pp. 44–50 (In Russian).
Pidkasisty P.I. (2011) Pedagogy. Moscow: Urait (In Russian).
Potashnik M.M. (2010) What Kind of Lesson Do You Need: Innovative or Instructive? Journal of School Technology, no 7, pp. 181–186 (In Russian).
Prashkovich N.G. (2005) Designing Non-Traditional Lessons in General Education Schools (PhD Thesis), Penza: Penza State Pedagogical University named after V.G. Belinskiy (In Russian).
Riekhakaynen E.I., Bratash V.S., Zubov V.I., Sergomanov P.A. (2024) The Principles of Teachers’ Speech Corpus Annotation. Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, no 2, pp. 251–285 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/vo-2024-17878
Rodin O.F. (2021) Content and Structure of a Modern Foreign Language Lesson. Problems of Modern Pedagogical Education, no 70–3, pp. 130–134 (In Russian).
Rumbeshta E.A., Danil'son T.S. (2009) Module-Activity Approach in Physics Education. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, no 7(85), pp. 35–38 (In Russian).
Ruzmetova M.A. (2022) Planning Models in Language Education. Economy and Society, vol. 2, no 1 (92), pp. 619–622 (In Russian).
Sergomanov P.A., Maltsev M.A., Bysik N.V., Beketov V.Yu., Baiburin R.F. (2023) Sociology of the Lesson: Discourse Organization of Successful Teaching Practices. Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, no 1, pp. 191–218 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2023-1-191-218
Shchegoleva G.S. (2010) Creating a Lesson Plan for Russian Language Lesson: Text-Oriented Approach. Nachal'naya shkola, no 1, pp. 102–106 (In Russian).
Shvetsova R.F. (2018) Construction of a Modern Mathematics Lesson in Primary School. Problems of Modern Pedagogical Education, no 59-4, pp. 372–374 (In Russian).
Skatkin M.N. (1971) Improving the Teaching Process. Moscow: Pedagogika (In Russian).
Sokolova L.N. (2008) Unconventional Lesson in Senior Classes: Essence, Features, Typology, Functions. Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. Series: Philology, Pedagogy, Psychology, no 11, pp. 109–112 (In Russian).
Sorokin P.S., Redko T.D. (2024) Contemporary Research on Agency in Education: A Systematization of Key Concepts and Developments. Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, no 1, pp. 236–264 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/vo-2024-18131
Temerbaeva L.A. (2008) Structure of Research Lessons on Studying Substance Properties (Chemistry Lessons in Grade 9th). Obrazovanie v sovremennoy shkole, no 6, pp. 47–49 (In Russian).
Tokareva I.A. (2019) The System-Activity Approach as a Means of Realizing Modern Educational Goals. Problemy pedagogiki, no 6 (45), pp. 55–58 (In Russian).
Usol'tsev A.P., Antipova E.P. (2017) Constructing Lessons according to Federal State Educational Standards (FSES). The Education and Science Journal, vol. 19, no 5, pp. 55–71 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17853/1994–5639–2017–5–55–71
Vinogradova Ju.S. (2023) Features of Pausing in a Teacher's Speech When Explaining Material in Russian (Bakalavr Thesis), Saint-Petersburg: Saint Petersburg State University (In Russian).
Vinogradova Ju.S., Prokaeva V.O., 60. Riekhakaynen E.I. (2023) Pauses Come in Different Types: Multidimensional Classification of Pauses for Annotating Russian Oral Speech Corpora. Russian Speech, no 6, pp. 7–23 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S013161170029350-4
Vostrikova E.A., Ogol'tsova N.N. (2009) Multimedia Lesson in Modern School: Integration of Pedagogical and Information Technologies. Novokuznetsk: Institute of Advanced Training (In Russian).
Wen X., Elicker J.G., McMullen M.B. (2011) Early Childhood Teachers' Curriculum Beliefs: Are They Consistent with Observed Classroom Practices? Early Education & Development, vol. 22, no 6, pp. 945–969. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2010.507495
Yakushina E.V. (2012) Teacher Prepares for the Lesson: What the New Standards Have Changed. Journal of School Technology, no 7, pp. 177–180 (In Russian).
Zabrodina I.V., Kozlova N.A., Fortygina S.N., Andreeva E.V. (2018) Technology of Organization of Contemporary Schools. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta, no 6, pp. 53–56 (In Russian).
Zharkaya M.A. (2011) Designing a Computer Science Lesson Using Cognitive Educational Technology. Eksperiment i innovatsii v shkole, no 3, pp. 45–47 (In Russian).
Zhdanova Ju.A. (2016) Lesson Structure within the Framework of Implementing a Systemic-Performance Approach. Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Conference "Current Tasks of Pedagogy" (Chita, 2016, 20–23 April), Chita: "Molodoy ucheny", pp. 76–78 (In Russian).
.jpg){kind=small}
