Нарративы родителей-россиян о вовлеченности, барьерах и агентах вовлечения детей в занятия физкультурой и спортом: анализ фокус-групп
Аннотация
В статье проанализированы нарративы родителей детей в возрасте от 3 до 12 лет, в которых раскрываются их представления о вовлеченности детей в дополнительные систематические спортивные занятия и физическую активность, о барьерах, препятствующих таким занятиям, и агентах вовлечения детей в занятия физкультурой и спортом (ФКиС). Источником эмпирического материала послужили четыре фокус-группы, в которых участвовали 36 родителей в возрасте от 27 до 50 лет, проживающих в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и Тамбове (13 отцов и 23 матери). Обработанные при помощи тематического анализа материалы сопоставляются с данными зарубежных исследований и обсуждаются с точки зрения их соответствия концепциям вовлеченности детей в физическую активность, производным от разных социологических теорий. На основании родительских оценок выделены три группы детей: не вовлеченные в систематические дополнительные занятия ФКиС, слабо вовлеченные и сильно вовлеченные. Вовлечению детей младшего возраста в систематические дополнительные занятия ФКиС могут препятствовать как субъективные, так и объективные барьеры, и среди них нет универсальных, т. е. тех, на которые указали бы все родители. Основным агентом вовлечения детей в занятия ФКиС родители считают семью. Наиболее релевантными полученным результатам авторы считают экзистенциальные подходы в социологии. Нарративы российских родителей оказались в целом сходными с теми, которые анализируются в зарубежных исследованиях, между ними выявлено лишь одно существенное различие: объясняя низкую вовлеченность своего ребенка в занятия ФКиС, российские родители часто апеллируют к слишком раннему для занятий спортом возрасту ребенка. Таким образом, существенных отличий российских родителей от зарубежных в их рационализации детской вовлеченности в занятия ФКиС не обнаружено.
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